BS/EN 13100-2-2019 pdf download.Non-destructive testing of welded joints in thermoplastics semi- finished products Part 2: X-ray radiographic testing.
5.5 Marking
Permanent markings on the object to be examined shall be made in order to accurately locate the position of each radiograph.
Where the nature of the material and/or its service conditions do not permit permanent marking, the location of each radiograph may be recorded by means of accurate sketches.
5.6 Overlap of films
When radiographing an area with two or more separate films, the films shall overlap sufficiently to ensure that the complete region of interest is radiographed. This shall be verified by a high-density marker on the surface of the object, which will appear on each film.
5.7 Types and position of image quality indicators (IQI)
The quality of image shall be verified by use of image quality indicator(s) (IQI) in accordance with EN ISO 19232-1 or EN ISO 19232-2. The IQI(s) shall be made from the same material as the inspected material or a material with a similar absorption with a tolerance of± 10% in the absorption coefficient. In accordance with EN ISO 19232-1 or EN ISO 19232-2 the applied lQl(s) shall have the inscription with the name of the document, the number of the thickest wire or the fIrst step hole and the material. For plastic materials, this requires the name of the material (e.g.: PE- polyethylene, PP- polypropylene, PVCpolyvinylchloride, etc.) and the materials density given in g/cm3 with at least two significant digits.
The IQI used shall be placed preferably on the source side of the test object at the centre of the area of interest on the parent material beside the weld. The IQI shall be in close contact with the surface of the object.
It shall be located in a section of uniform thickness characterized by a uniform optical density on the film. According to the IQI type used, two cases shall be considered.
a) When using a wire IQI, the wires shall be directed perpendicular to the weld and Its location shall ensure that at least 10 mm of the wire length will show in a section of uniform optical density, which is normally in the parent material adjacent to the weld. At exposures in accordance with Figures 3 and 4 the lQl should not be projected into the image of the weld.
b) When using a step/hole IQI. it shall be placed in such a way that the hole number required is placed close to the weld.
At exposures In accordance with Figures 3 and 4 the IQI may be placed on the film side. In this case reference shall be made to Tables A.5 and k6 given in Annex A.
Where the IQIs are placed at the film side, the lead letter ‘F shall be placed near the IQI and it shall be noted in the test report.
If steps have been taken to guarantee that radiographs of similar test objects and regions are produced with identical exposure and processing techniques, and no differences in the image quality value are likely, the image quality need not be verified for every radiograph, the extent of image quality verification being subject to agreement between the contracting parties.
For panoramic exposures of pipes (see Figure 2) with diameter 200 mm and above, at least three IQIs shall be placed equally spaced around the circumference. The film(s) showing IQI images arc then considered representative for the whole circumference.
5.8 Evaluation of image quality
The films shall be viewed in accordance with EN 25580.
From the examination of the image of the lQl on the radiograph, the number of the smallest wire or hole, which shall be discerned, shall be determined. The image ofa wire shall be accepted if a continuous length of at least 10 mm is clearly visible in a section of uniform optical density. In the case of the step/hole type IQI, if there are two holes of the same diameter, both shall be discernible in order that the step is considered as visible.
The image quality obtained shall be indicated on the examination report of the radiographic examination. In each case, the type of indicator used shall he clearly stated, as shown on the lQl.
5.9 Minimum image quality values
Tables A. ito A.o in Annex A show the minimum image quality values for plastics materials.
5.10 Personnel qualification
Personnel performing non-destructive examination in accordance with this document shall be qualified in accordance with the relevant document. e.g. EN ISO 9712.BS/EN 13100-2-2019 pdf download.