BS/EN 16727-1-2018 pdf download.Railway applications – Track – Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation – Non-acoustic performance Part 1: Mechanical performance under static loadings — Calculation and test method.
Additionally influences according to the intended use shall be taken into account.
For noise barriers which are installed with an inclination a> 5° (either towards the railway or away), a correction coefficient for the air pressurefc shall be taken from EN 1794 1:2011. Annex A.
When added devices are installed on the top of free standing noise barriers, their interaction with the wind and the additional loadings generated shall be taken into account for the specific shape of the added device that is used. In Annex A additional information is provided for some common shapes of added devices.
5.3.4 Snow loading
When snow loading can occur due to the shape of the noise barrier, the snow load shall be considered in accordance with EN 1991 1 -3. The load duration can usually be set to 3 months. Where the snow bad duration is considered to be longer than 3 months, then higher creep effects that may occur shall be taken into account.
5.3.5 Dynamic loads caused by passing trains
For dynamic loads caused by passing trains see EN 16727-2-2.
5.3.6 Actions caused by Impact loads
Loads due to stones, ice pieces or other objects impacting the noise barrier shall not be considered to act concurrently with the other loads required for design of noise barriers in this European Standard.
These loads are considered accidental actions.
If impactfromsmallobjectsisconsidered, resistancerequirementsaresetout in EN 1794- 1:201]. Annex C.
If impact from large objects is considered, resistance requirements are set out in EN 1794- 1:2011. Annex B. A shattering test shall be performed at the weakest point of the sample.
5.3.7 Actions caused by snow clearance
If dynamic loads from snow clearance can occur, then the requirements shall be in accordance with
EN 1794- 1:2011. Annex E.
5.4 Design resistance
5.4.1 General
If the design resistance is determined by calculation, the calculations shall be in accordance with the relevant Eurocode.
Where Eurocodes are not applicable or sufficient, testing is necessary to demonstrate the adequacy of the noise barrier to resist the design loads specified in this European Standard.
This may involve testing to determine the relevant material properties in combination with calculations to verify the adequacy of the assembled barrier.
Otherwise, full scale testing of assembled barriers without the need to calculate the design resistance is possible.
For the characteristic values of the resistance, the S % fractile shall be used.
5.4.2 Material testing
Material testing can he necessary for obtaining the relevant material properties for calculation of the resistance of the noise barrier. These tests are also necessary to obtain material dependence factors and conversion factors; e.g. for temperature, ageing and load duration. The material testing shall follow the relevant material standards taking into account the design criteria defined in this European Standard.
For the purpose of this European Standard a minimum number of 10 tests (and if relevant out of three different production batches) is required to obtain the material properties (e.g. Young’s modulus or yield strength). For determination of the material-dependent influences, five comparison tests are sufficient if the spread of the results is low.
Analysis of the test results to determine the characteristic value Rk shall be undertaken in accordance with EN 1990:2002. D.5, (1), a) which concerns the assessment of a ‘characteristic value’ divided by a ‘partial factor’.
For most materials used in noise barriers, the material-dependent influences are covered in the relevant Eurocode. For amorphous plastic materials the influence of load duration, temperature and ageing shall be taken into account according to ETAG 010:2002, 6.3.1.2 and Annex H.
5.4.3 Full scale testing
The full scale testing shall be undertaken on a segment of the noise barrier In a standard climate in accordance with EN ISO 291. If it is suspected that temperature will influence the outcome significantly because the relevant characteristic value changes significantly, then this shall be accounted for using the temperature range set out in this standard ().
The test specimens shall be taken from at least three different batches. Analysis of the test results to determine the characteristic value Rkshall be undertaken in accordance with EN 1990:2002 D.5, (1), a) which concerns the assessment of a ‘characteristic value’ divided by a ‘partial factor’.
Loads shall be uniformly applied without arch-forming among them. The load itself shall also be of such constellation that is will not influence the bending stiffness.
5.4.4 Calculation
The calculation shall be undertaken using the relevant Eurocodes. i.e. EN 1990 to EN 1999, or ETAG 010:2002. If these references are not available, then tests shall be undertaken.
6 Method of verification
6.1 Serviceability Limit State (SLS)
For each required serviceability limit state (e.g. deflection), for determination of the design load the combinations shall be taken from EN 1990:2002.6.5.3.
For the combination of wind loads and the air-pressure wave of passing trains the combinations are determined as follows:
— wind pressure as a single load according to Eurocodes;
— wind pressure multiplied by a factor 0,6 combined with the maximum dynamic load of the passing
train (dynamic load determined as in EN 16727.2-2).
6.2 Ultimate Limit State (ULS)
For determination of the design load the combination of actions shall be based on EN 1990:2002. 6.4.3. as amended by EN 1990:2002/A1:2005/AC:2010.BS/EN 16727-1-2018 pdf download.