EN 131-1-1993 pdf download.Ladders- – Terms , types , functional sizes.
This EN 131-1 gives the definitions and general terms and determines the general design
characteristics of ladders, which are of importance for safety, handling, and manufacturing of the ladders and of information for the user.
It applies to portable ladders. It does not apply to ladders for special professional use such as fire-brigade ladders, roof ladders and mobile ladders.
In the working position all ladders are determined for a maximum static vertical load of 150 kg. Ladders arc to be used by one person only per ascending leg of ladder.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard, only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 131-2:1993. Ladders — Requirements, testing, iizarking.
4 Functional sizes
4.1 Generalities
The drawings are examples only and products need not correspond. However, dimensions are binding.
The rungs and steps of a ladder shall be equally spaced with limit deviations of± 2 mm.
The inner width b1 shall he measured at the upper edge of the topmost rung/step.
The outside width b2 shall be measured at the lower end of the ladder.
4.2 Leaning rung ladders
These ladders are of equal width over their total length or are wider at the bottom than at the top.
The minimum overlap w shall ensure safety during use.
The dimension of the overlap depends on calculation and design of the ladder. It is determined by the manufacturer. The function and carrying capacity of the overlap arc to be verified by means of the test according to EN 131-2.
4.3 Standing rung ladders
The legs are connected with hinge joints and shall be secured from sliding asunder.
4.5 Leaning step ladders
These ladders are of equal width over their total length or they arc wider at the bottom than at the top. Leaning step ladders may be equipped at their top end with a resting support or hooking-in device guaranteeing that the steps are in horizontal position during the use of the ladder.
The permissible inclination a applies to the height of the touch-down surface above floor level, when the steps are in horizontal position.
4.6 Standing step ladders
The legs are connected with hinge joints and shall be secured from sliding asunder.
During the use of the ladder the steps shall be in horizontal position.
The projection of the handrail onto the platform shall not go beyond the latter.EN 131-1-1993 pdf download.