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The traditional inspection of involute gear profile and helix deviations results in plots of deviations from a perfect involute and from a perfect helix. While this is appropriate for gears with an unmodified profile or helix, it...

Large gears have become an indispensable part of modern technical applications. The expanding industrial sectors of power generation and transmission, like shipbuilding industry, wind turbine generators and petroleum conveying systems, have led to an increasing demand for...

Alongside the macro test parameters on tooth flanks for profile and tooth traces, surface properties (roughness) play a decisive role in ensuring proper toothed gear function. The generally increased load stresses on gear teeth can only be...

One possible process for hard finishing gears is generating gear grinding. Due to high process efficiency, generating gear grinding has replaced other grinding processes like profile grinding in batch production of small and middle sized gears. Despite...

Super-finishing of forms, required to generate geometry like that of the involute of a gear, is a multistep process where gear blanks are roughed, heat treated, ground to precise tolerances allowing for additional stock removal to occur...

Vacuum carburizing of gears has typically been limited to parts with relatively small cross-sections. Most alloys currently in use require oil quenching to achieve adequate surface hardness and core properties in large gear applications. Pit or large...

Precision components such as industrial bearing races and automotive gears often distort unpredictably during heat treatment due to the deleterious effects of free or unconstrained oil quenching. Press quenching is a method that can be utilized to...

Contact fatigue and bending fatigue are two main failure modes of steel gears. Surface pitting and spalling are two common contact fatigue failures, which are due to the alternating subsurface shear stresses from the contact load between...

For over three decades, open gearing for many applications has been successfully designed and manufactured from ductile iron. Examples spanning a full range of size and transmitted power are in service in various process industries throughout the...

Large gear components can be offered in many applications such as in marine, wind power, steel rolling mills, power plants, transportation, railroad, aircraft, cement crushers, mining and oil industry applications. There are three important surface hardening methods...