ASME B16.49:2007 pdf download Factory-Made, Wrought Steel, Buttwelding Induction Bends for Transportation and Distribution Systems
SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS1
1.1 General
This Standard covers design, material, manufacturingtesting,marking,and inspection requirements forfactory-made pipeline bends of carbon steel materialshaving controlled chemistry and mechanical properties.produced by the induction bending process,with orwithout tangents.This Standard covers induction bendsfor transportation and distribution piping applications(eg,ASME B31.4,B31.8,and B31.11)Process and powerpiping have differing requirements and materials thatmay not be appropriate for the restrictions and examina-tions described herein and, therefore, are not includedin this Standard.
1.2 Manufacturing Process
This process utilizes induction heating to heat a nar-row band 360 deg around a pipe or cylinder at thepoint of bending as the pipe or cylinder is being pushedthrough the inductor coil at a constant velocity. Afterthe material passes through the coil, it may be cooledby forced air or water spray or it may be allowed tocool in still air. Bends in any producible wall thicknessand diameter are covered. Induction bends covered bythis Standard may be produced from seamless pipe.welded pipe, or cylinders.
1.3 Fabricated Bends
Larger angle bends obtained by girth welding two ormore smaller angle bends together are considered pipefabrications and as such are not within the scope of thisStandard.
1.4 Standard Units
The values stated in either metric units or US. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standardWithin the text, Customary values are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exactequivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde.pendently of the other. Combining values from two sys-tems may result in nonconformance with the standard
1.5 References
Standards and specifications adopted by reference inthis Standard are shown in Mandatory Appendix I. It is not practical to identify the specific edition of eachstandard and specification in the individual referencesInstead,the specific edition reference is identified inMandatory Appendix I. A product made in conformancewith a prior edition of reference standards and in allother respects conforming to this Standard will be con-sidered to be in compliance.
1.6 Codes and RegulationsA bend used under the jurisdiction of a referencingcode or governmental regulation is subject to any limita-tion of that code or regulation. This includes any maximum temperature limitation or rule governing the useof a material at low temperature.
1.7 Service Conditions
Criteria for selection of bend material for a particularfluid service are not within the scope of this Standard.
1.8 Convention
In conformance with this Standard, the conventionfor fixing significant digits where limits, maximum andminimum values, are specified shall be “rounded off”as defined in AST Practice E 29. This requires that anobserved or calculated value shall be rounded off tothe nearest unit in the last right-hand digit used forexpressing the limit. Decimal values and tolerance donot imply a particular method of measurement.
1.9 Quality Systems
Requirements relating to the manufacturers qualitysystem programs are described in NonmandatoryAppendix A.
1.10 Glossary
bend qualificafion procedure: a document that specifies theproperties of the starting pipe; the equipment to be used;the bending parameters; the qualification bend testresults; and the postbend, heat-treat equipment andcycle used for the manufacture of the bends. If nondestructive testing of the bend is required, procedures thathave not been approved previously shall be submittedcylinder: a joint of pipe produced by a rolling and weldingplate, as opposed to a joint of pipe produced in accordance with a recognized specification.