EN 1094-4-1995 pdf download.Insulating refractory products Part 4: Determination of bulk density and true porosity.
This Part of EN 1094 specifies a method of determination of the bulk density and true porosity of shaped insulating refractory products.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 993-i, Dense shaped refractory products — Methods of test — Part 1: Determination of bulk density and apparent porosity.
EN 993-2, Dense shaped refractory products — Methods of test — Part 2: Determination of true density.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this Part of EN 1094, the following definitions apply.
3.1
bulk density, Pb
the ratio of the mass of the dry material of a porous body to its bulk volume
3.2
bulk volume, Vb
the sum of the volumes of the solid material, the open pores and the closed pores in a porous body
NOTE The roughness of the surface limits the accuracy of definition of the bulk volume and, in consequence. the bulk density. Also, the notion of bulk density becomes less precise when the volume of the sample diminishes below certain limits or when its texture (size of pores and grains) is too coarse.
3.3
true density, Pt
the ratio of the mass of the solid material of a porous body to its true volume
3.4
true volume
the volume of the solid material in a porous body
3.5
open pores
those pores that are penetrated by the immersion liquid in the test specified in EN 993-1
NOTE These pores are, in principle, all those that are connected with the atmosphere, either directly or via one another. Here also the roughness of the surface imposes a limit to the accuracy of the definition of the volume of the open pores.
closed pores
those pores that are not penetrated by the immersion liquid in the test specified in EN 993-1
3.7
true porosity, ITt
the ratio of the total volume of the open pores and the closed pores in a porous body to its bulk volume
3.8
shaped insulating product
a shaped product having a true porosity of not less
than 45%(V/V)
4 Principle
The mass of a dry test piece of a specified geometrical form is determined by weighing and the dimensions are measured. From these values and from the true density of the material, (determined by the method specified in EN 99:3-2) the volume, bulk density and true porosity are determined by calculation.
NOTE The method of immersion in a liquid and determination of the mass of the test piece when immersed and when soaked are not suitable for insulating refractory products because of their very open texture, which can lead to serious errors in the determination of the mass of the test piece when soaked.
The precision of the results does not require any correction to be made for the fact that weighing is carried out in air, not in a vacuum.
5 Apparatus
5.1 &illipers, graduated in 0,5 mm, or flat metal rule, graduated in 0,5 mm and having a square at one end which can be fitted to the edge of the test
piece.
5.2 Drying oven, capable of being controlled
at (110 ± 5) °C.
5.3 Balance, with an accuracy of± 0,1 g.
5.4 Desiccator
6 Test pieces
6.1 The number of items (for example, bricks or blocks) to he tested shall he determined by agreement between the interested parties.
6.2 If several items are tested, the same number of test pieces shall be taken from each item, so as to facilitate statistical calculation.
NOTE The number of test pieces per item should be the subject of agreement between the interested parties.EN 1094-4-1995 pdf download.