EN 17085-2017 pdf download.Paper and board-Sampling procedures for paper and board for recycling.
5 Macro sampling procedure
5.1 Sampling of loose material
5.1.1 Extraction of macro sample
As a precursor to sampling loose material, a representative macro sample (30 kg to 200 kg depending on the grade of paper being Inspected) shall be extracted from the bulk material.
The paper and board for recycling intended for sampling shall be isolated. This shall be done in a clean, dry area that has been cleared of all other material (or in the appropriate storage bay). Care shall be taken to prevent cross contamination of the sample with materials from other sources. No picking from the material shall occur prior to the sample being taken.
The sample shall be randomized/mixed to ensure more representative sampling. An example approach for paper and board for recycling would be to tip the load onto the floor and mix it with a loading shovel, or similar equipment. This can be achieved by separating a proportion of the material (approximately four times greater than the required sample size) and lifting it up and dropping it back on the floor at least twice using a loading shovel. This will help redistribute unwanted materials that have settled to the bottom of the load. A push wall will help with the mixing process.
Either of the following techniques can then be used to take a sample:
a) Slice of pie method:
Use shovels and brooms to remove a whole section of the material, i.e. a slice of pie or a section through the sample. Shovel the sample into sample containers (e.g. containers or bulk bags) taking care that all material particles are captured, until the required specified sample weight has been collected.
b) Direct input method:
Tip the sample directly into a robust container with the loading shovel. The container shall be of a size that when full (or filled to a certain known level) will contain, at least, the required specified sample weight.
5.1.2 Extraction of the micro sample
From the pile or from the container, take randomly a sample (usually one individual paper product) from at least four different positions. Preferably take the samples below the visible surface in order to avoid any influence by individual spots of moist or wet appearance.
The micro sample shall be stored in a suitable air tight, sealed container for subsequent analysis in accordance with the specific test.
5.2 Sampling of baled material
5.2.1 Manual sampling
5.2.1.1 Manual sample collection
As a pre-cursor to manual sampling, all baling wires or straps shall be removed; taking appropriate safety precautions. A minimum of two bales per 25 000 kg (approximately two bales per truck) shall be chosen at random from the delivery and Isolated from other material.
After removing the baling wires, the material can be sampled by either of two methods:
As per loose sampling: the bales are loosened and mixed with the assistance of a suitable loading shovel or similar equipment. The mixed sample may now be sub-sampled in the same manner as loose material
Layered (sheave) sampling: haled paper has a natural tendency to layer or form sheaves. The loosened bale may be manually divided into several sheaves and large sections drawn from those sheaves to form the sample. Samples shall be extracted from a minimum of five locations within each bale to provide a composite sample of the required specified sample weight.
For obtaining a micro sample refer to 5.1.2.
5.2.1.2 Core sampling
Manual sampling may also be performed by manually extracting drilled core samples from within the body of the sample bales, using hand-held equipment, although a much smaller sample will be obtained. In this situation, operators shall follow the same guidelines as used for automatic sampling (5.2.2).
5.2.2 Automatic sampling
To meet the growing demand for automated testing of baled paper for recycling, automatic sampling techniques have been developed which predominantly follow two techniques, either:
— a hole is drilled into the sample bale and a measuring probe inserted to make measurements within the bale; or
— a hollow drill or core sampling device is used to extract a core of material from within the sample bale and the extracted core is presented to an external measuring head.
In both cases, the equipment is required to follow the same basic principles of operation.EN 17085-2017 pdf download.