EN 349-1993 pdf download.Safety of machinery-Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body.
The object of this EN 349 is to enable the user (e.g. standard makers, designers of machinery) to avoid hazards from crushing zones. It specifies minimum gaps relative to parts of the human body and is applicable when adequate safety can be achieved by this method.
This European Standard is applicable to risks from crushing hazards only and is not applicable to other possible hazards, e.g. impact, shearing, drawing-in.
NOTE For. e.g. impact. shearing, drawing-in hazards additional or other measures need to be taken.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporat.ed in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology.
EN 292-2, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2.’ Technical principles and specifications.
EN 294, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard the following definition applies in addition to the definitions given in EN 292-1 and EN 294:
crushing zone
zone in which the human body or parts of the human body are exposed to a crushing hazard. This hazard will be generated if
— two movable parts are moving towards one
another:
— one movable part is moving towards a fixed
part;
(see also annex A)
4 Minimum gaps
4.1 Methodology for the use of this European Standard
The method of using this European Standard shall form part of the iterative safety strategy outlined in clause 5 “Strategy for selecting safety measures” of EN 292-1.
The user of this European Standard shall:
a) Identify the crushing hazards.
b) Assess the risks from these hazards in accordance with EN 292-1 paying particular attention to the following.
Where it is foreseeable that the risk from a crushing hazard involves different parts of the body, the minimum gap in Table 1 relating to the largest of these parts shall be applied (see also d)).
— The unpredictable behaviour of children and their body dimensions if children are included in the population at risk.
— Whether parts of the body could enter the crushing zone in a configuration other than those indicated in Table 1.
— Whether thick or bulky clothing (e.g. protection clothing for extreme temperatures) or tools have to be taken into account.
— Whether machinery will be used by persons wearing thick soled footwear (e.g. clogs) which will increase the effective dimension of the foot.
c) Select from Table I the appropriate minimum gap relating t.o the body part at risk (see also annex A).
d) If adequate safety cannot he achieved by the minimum gaps selected from Table 1, other or additional measures and/or means shall be used (see e.g. EN 292-1, EN 292-2 and EN 294).
If the minimum gap for the largest expected body part cannot be achieved, the following example gives one particular means or restricting access to smaller body parts.
Example:
Access of larger body parts to the crushing zone can be prevented by the use of protective structures having a restricted opening, as indicated in Figure 1.
The possibility of access to a crushing zone for a particular part of the body is dependent on the following:
— the gap a between the fixed and moving part
or between two moving parts:
— the depth b of the crushing zone:
— the dimensions c of the opening in the protective structure and its distances d from the crushing zone.
NOTE The dimensions for openings in relation to safety distances can be found in EN 294.EN 349-1993 pdf download.