API PUBL 4653:1997 pdf download.Fugitive Emission Factors for Crude Oil and Product Pipeline Facilities
Emission factors were calculated for components at light crude oil, heavy crude oil, and product pipeline facilities using the 1995 Evironmental Protection Agency (EPA) default zero factors, correlation equations, and pegged source factors (1 00,000 ppmv). Emissions from components with screening values equal to background were calculated using the default zero factors. Emissions from components with screening values above background but less than 100,000 ppmv were calculated using correlation equations. The measured screening values were corrected for background if the background was 5% or more of the measured screening values. Emissions from one component that pegged the portable detection instrument at 100,000 ppmv were calculated using a pegged source factor. EPA default zero factors, correlation equations, and pegged source factors (100,000 ppmv) are shown in Table ES-I. The pipeline emission factors developed in this study are shown in Table ES-2.
Emission factors for components at uncontrolled light crude oil pipeline facilities are generally lower than emission factors for the same components at light crude oil production sites (see Figures 2-2 to 2-7 on pages 2-9 to 2-1 1). Emission factors for uncontrolled heavy crude oil pipeline facilities are approximately the same as those for heavy crude oil production. For most equipment component types, emission factors for uncontrolled product pipelines are lower than for the same components at marketing terminals.
Component emissions were calculated for light crude oil pipelines, heavy crude oil . pipelines, and product pipelines using the 1995 EPA default zero factors, correlation equations, and pegged source factors (1 00,000 ppmv). Emissions from components with screening values equal to background were calculated using the default zero factors. Emissions from components with screening values above background but less than 100,000 ppmv were calculated using correlation equations. The measured screening values were corrected for background if the background was 5% or more of the measured screening values. Emissions from components that pegged the portable detection instrument at 100,000 ppmv were calculated using the pegged source factors.
Calculation of Site Specific Emissions Two methods were used to calculate emissions from individual sites. The first method used the actual screening values found at each site and the 1995 EPA default zero factors, correlation equations, and pegged source factors. The second method used the component inventories and the emission factors developed in this study. The predictions of the two methods were compared.