AS NZS 2243.4:2018 pdf download.Safety in laboratories Part 4: lonizing radiations.
3.1 GENERAL
This Section provides requirements and guidance for the design of the following:
(a) Radiation laboratories—in which ionizing radiation from ionizing radiation apparatus or sealed radioactive sources are used or stored. (It does not contain any unsealed radioactive materials.) Such laboratories may need radiation shielding, warning provisions and limitations on access.
(b) Radioisotope laboratories—in which unsealed radioactive materials are used or stored. (It does not contain any irradiation apparatus.) Such laboratories may need additional design features to minimize the potential for spread of radioactive contamination and its ingestion or inhalation.
(c) Radiological laboratories—in which ionizing radiation apparatus, sealed radioactive materials and unsealed radioactive materials are used. Such laboratories may need the design features for both radiation and radioisotope laboratories.
When a new laboratory is being planned or an existing laboratory is being modified, the advice of the radiation protection adviser (RPA) shall be sought at an early stage, taking into consideration any guidance and requirements of the regulatory authorities. This is particularly important for medium level and high level laboratory proposals or modifications (see Clause 3.5 on grading of laboratory).
3.2 PLANNING BRIEF
A written planning brief shall be prepared early in the planning stage for a new or modified laboratory. This brief shall provide essential information on specifications and regulatory requirements to the consultant engineers and architects commissioned to design the laboratory and should be prepared in accordance with AS/NZS 2982, AS/NZS 2243.1 and this Standard. The RPA and users shall be consulted to ensure the proposed laboratory is fit for purpose.
The planning brief should include, at a minimum, the following information:
(a) Whether the proposed new or modified laboratory will be a radiation laboratory, radioisotope laboratory or a radiological laboratory.
(b) Any future needs or changes of functions or processes, i.e. any future expansion needs.
(c) Type, grading and function of the laboratory (see Clause 3.5).
(d) A description of the procedures (now and envisaged for the future) to be carried out as these may affect building requirements, including laboratory layout.
(e) Details of the hazards associated with the work (see Clause 3.3).
(f) Fittings (such as benches, sinks, and fume cupboards) and apparatus to be installed including relevant operational details (e.g. heat loads, electrical power requirements, cooling, floor loading, etc.).
(g) Storage requirements for stocks of radioactive materials, including security (see Appendix G, Paragraph G3, [7] or [29]), radiation shielding, temperature control and exhaust ventilation.
4.1 GENERAL.
The requirements of this Section apply to protection from the hazards of ionizing radiations from any source, i.e. from apparatus producing ionizing radiation, or from radioactive materials, whether sealed or unsealed. All planned exposures shall be justified and optimized. Optimization of exposure to radiation shall be based on a hierarchy of controls including the following (see also Appendix A, Paragraph A2.3): (a) Elimination of exposure, where practicable. (b) Use of sources with the minimum of activity and least radiotoxicity necessary. (c) Isolation of sources (d) Engineering controls, including shielding, containment, remote handling techniques and local exhaust ventilation. (e) Administrative controls, including documented work methods that make appropriate use of time, distance, shielding and containment to minimize exposure. (f) Use of approved personal protective equipment where other means of controlling exposure are not practicable. The effective dose received by occupationally exposed workers and members of the public shall not exceed the limits specified in Appendix A, Table Al. The effective dose in areas continuously accessible to members of the public shall not exceed the public limit given in Appendix A, Table Al. For areas not continuously occupied by members of the public, the occupancy factors and maximum dose rates shown in Appendix B, Table B3 may be used. AS NZS 2243.4 pdf download.