BS EN 12846-1:2011 pdf download.Bitumen and bituminous binders – Determination of efflux time by the efflux viscometer Part 1: Bituminous emulsions.
5.1 Light mineral oil.
Light mineral oil having a viscosity equal or lower than 7 mm2ls at 40 °C.
5.2 SolutIon Sa.
Aqueous solution with a 1 % mass of sodium lauryl sulfate preferably, or aqueous solution with a nominal 1 % mass of sodium oleate shall be used for testing anionic emulsions. Those solutions (surfactants) shall be solubilised with 1 % mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The actual soap solution may be used if available on site, in case of routine tests or for simplicity.
NOTE Sa stands for anionic solution as this solution is used for testing anionic emul&ons.
5.3 Solution Sc.
Aqueous solution with a 1 % mass of alkyltrimethylammonium chloride preferably, or aqueous solution with a nominal 1 % mass of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide shall be used for testing cationic emulsions. Those surfactants shall be solubilised with I % mass of hydrochloric acid (HCI) (HCI concentration shall be approximately equal to 1 mol/l). The actual aqueous phase may be used if available on site, in case of routine tests or for simplicity.
NOTE 1 S stands for “cationic solution as this solution is used for testing cationic emulsions, NOTE 2 The solution of 1 % of cetyltrimethytammonium bromide should be prepared slightly above 25 °C (but not higher than 30°C). Then it should be stored at a temperature of (25±1) °C before test.
6 Apparatus
Usual laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following:
6.1 Efflux viscometer (see an example of viscometer on Figure 1) consisting essentially of a cup with an orifice in the centre of the base which may be closed by a ball-and-socket valve (see Figure 2).
Three forms are required, differing only in the size of the orifice (10 mm, 4 mm and 2 mm). For other dimensions of the cup and the ball-valve, see Figure 3. The cup cylinder shall be made of brass. The ball valve should be made of corrosion-resistant metal, with a ball on a rod, a levelling peg attached to the rod and a hemispherical top by means of which the valve may be supported in a vertical position.
The viscometer cups shall be equipped with suitable corks or caps for closing the orifices with the ball valve in position, and some means of covering the cups (e.g. lids) to prevent evaporation of water and minimize surface cooling effects.
The viscometer-cup holder shall be capable of:
supporting one or more cups in a vertical position;
providing a valve support to hold the valve at least 16 mm vertically above the orifice of the cup during efflux of the test material.
6.2 Viscometer water-bath, constant temperature for maintaining the test temperature to within ± 0,5 °C. A typical elevation and a plan of assembled viscometer are given in Figure 1.
6.3 Temperature controlled water bath, maintained at (40,0 ± 0,5) °C, in which one or more of the viscometer cups can be immersed up to the rim of the cup.
NOTE 1 Other test temperatures are (50,0 0,5) C or (25,0 ± 0,5) C.
If a multiple-cup heating bath is used, the cups shall be separated from each other and from the walls of the bath by at least 55 mm.
A suitable support shall be provided to maintain the cup(s) in a vertical position.
An appropriate climatic chamber may be used for low breaking index emulsions (see 8.3.4).
NOTE 2 The viscometer water bath (6.2) may also be used to directly condition the test sample in the cup.
6.4 Thermometers, two, conforming to the requirements described in Annex A.
Other temperature measunng devices may be used instead of mercury stem thermometers. However, the mercury stem thermometer is the reference device. Therefore any alternative device employed shall be calibrated so as to provide the same readings as would be provided by the mercury stem thermometer, recognising and allowing for the fact of changed thermal response times compared with the mercury thermometer,
When measuring and controlling nominally constant temperatures, as in this test method, alternative devices can indicate greater cyclic variations than mercury thermometers, to an extent depending on the cycle time of heating and the power of the controlled heat input.
6.5 Receiver, consisting of a 100 ml c1inder with graduations at 20 ml, 25 ml and 75 ml, complying with the requirements of EN ISO 4788.
6.6 Timing device, capable of measuring the efflux time with an accuracy of ± 0.2 s.
7 Sampling
The material under test shall be sampled in accordance with EN 58 and prepared in accordance with
EN 12594.
The test shall be carried out in duplicate.
8 Procedure
8.1 General
Carry out the procedure in laboratory at room temperature between 18 °C to 28。C.BS EN 12846-1 pdf download.