IEEE 1511.1-2010 pdf download IEEE Guide for Investigating and Analyzing Shielded Power Cable Failures on Systems Rated 5 kV Through 46 kV
1.1 Scope
This guide covers specific methods of failure mode classifications and analysis for shielded power cablesrated 5 kV through 46 kV.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this guide is to provide an introduction to the concepts of failure analysis, ways in which itcan be used, and the value that can be obtained. The guide covers some of the commonly used methodscmployed in failure analysis and how these methods can be applied in determining the cause of failure forthe components used in the construction of an underground power cable system. Ultimately, the guide willserve as a source for documenting known failure mechanisms and will provide a format for thedocumentation of new failure mmechanismms once they have been identificd
2. Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they mustbe understood and used; therefore, cach referenced document is cited in text and its relationship in thisdocument is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, thelatest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.
ICEA S-94-649, Standard for Concentric Neutral Cables Rated 5 through 46 kV.2
ICEA S-97-682, Standard for Utility Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 through 46 kV.
3. Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE StandardsDictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause.
contributing cause: A cause that, by itself, may not have resulted in the failure.
contributing factor: A factor that contributed to the failure.
failure: The inability to perform intended function.
failure analysis: The logical, systematic examination of a failure with the intent to identify the probablcause(s). Statistical techniques may be used to determine failure rates once the probable cause(s) have beendetermined.
reliability: The ability of an item to perform a required function under stated conditions for a stated periodof time.
4. Power cable failure analysis
4.1 Failure overview
This overview is intended to help the user formulate a perspective of what constitutes a cable failure. It isnot uncommon for users to classify failures in general terms, such as manufacturing defects, water trees,etc. However, this thought process does not help determine the root cause(s) of failure and appropriatecorrective actions to prevent future failures.
An energized cable failure occurs when current flows outside the intended conductors, usually to ground.along a path through the cable wall that results in a permanent short to ground. An unenergized cablefailure occurs when a cable is physically damaged by a mechanical force and results in a penetrationthrough all or most of the cable wall.